Edema is a general term for swelling in the body due to the buildup of excess fluid in the tissues. It may be in one specific area (such as an ankle) or in multiple locations throughout the body. It is not a condition, but is a symptom of an underlying condition.

Minor, temporary edema can be caused by pregnancy or inactivity and is rarely serious. However, longer and more severe episodes of edema could be a sign of a serious underlying medical condition, such as heart failure, kidney failure or cirrhosis of the liver. There are several types of edema due to a number of causes. A patient’s physician can best determine the type of edema and possible contributing factors.  

Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the edema. It may range from simple changes, such as a different sleeping position, to prescribing diuretic medications for flushing fluids from the body. Physicians may also recommend reduced intake of salt, which causes the body to retain water. Some lifestyle changes may treat the condition as well as prevent its initial occurrence. Individuals who experience any unexplained edema should consult with their physician.